A Peculiar Cosmology from Supernovae Type 1a and The Derivation of G

This is an older version of my paper which included a derivation of G, but I am backing off that part of the analysis for now.

A Peculiar Cosmology from Supernovae Type 1a

and

The Derivation of G

by

Berry Cottrell Ives

Abstract

A revised Hubble-type relationship is presented based on v/(c-v) = H₀D +  I₀D². The analysis was initially performed using the SCP Union1 dataset (307 SN1a), and repeated with the Union2 dataset (557 SN1a) and the Union2.1 dataset (580 SN1a).  The estimated equation from Union2.1 is:  v/(c-v) = 0.069789D - 0.00020310D², with units in Gly and Gyr.  In conventional units, estimated H₀ is 68.24 km/sec per Mpc, very close to the value 67.80 (0.77) km/sec per Mpc published in the Planck satellite CMB studies.  

Universal scale is postulated as derived from v/(c-v).  A universe in a state of accelerated contraction is inferred.  The maximum expanded state is estimated to have been 185.6 Gly in radius, 171.8 Gyr ago, and the current radius is estimated at 26.53 Gly.  A big bounce scenario appears consistent with the parabolic path of the past expansion and current contraction eras, with a full cycling period of about 371 Gyr.  The end of the current contraction era is estimated to occur 13.777 Gyr in the future. 

The value of the Newtonian gravitational constant G is based on the acceleration parameter, I₀.  G is found to vary over time with the square of the radius of the universe.  The theoretically derived value for G in the present is 5.860 m³kg^-1s^-2, which is about 12% less than the consensus value of 6.674 m³kg^-1s^-2.  This relative error is considered remarkable in the context of the extreme range of magnitudes and error terms of the input values. 

Click on image for a good view of Sully, who just turned two.  I've had him for almost 1 1/2 yrs.  Here he is in the Ojito Wilderness, NM.

There was a man who would not like to think that he is old

who road his bicycle several miles to the Alameda bridge

the old one that is now just for peds and horses and bikes,

and then he would ride across the bridge, 90% of the way

to where he always stopped, parked his bike

walked around and took a few slugs from his water thermos.

One day, when he was coming to a stop there

he saw a dark object, perhaps a hat, maybe 15' away.

After parking the bike he walked over and looked more closely.

It was a black knitted thing, a rasta hat came to mind.

He picked it up to feel it and no surprises,

so he dropped it on the elevated concrete surface 

near the railing on the bridge.

He heard a clank.

He walked back to his bike and then wondered about

the contents of that mysterious "hat"…what was the clank?

Then he went back to the hat and opened it up

and he found a glass bong…without stash…unbroken by the fall.

Upon examination

the hat was acrylic and made in China

in a very loose knit

with an elastic lower edge.

Cheap hat: great bong storage.

The bong was a rather beautiful thing

about 6" long through the stem

and 3" high through the bowl and tank

with multicolored glass and good form.

It was quite dirty so when he got home

he googgled "how to clean a water pipe"

and found several consistent methods

to do so with salt and rubbing alcohol 

and he did.

It was a perfect present out of nowhere

because he had been thinking how

lousy it was to smoke out of an aluminum can.

Water seems to work better than air.

He had seen an injured coyote earlier, 

favoring its right rear leg,

and tried to spot it again on the way back

but it was nowhere to be seen.